A major phylogenetic branch within the genus,
A common genome layout,
Greater than 60% amino acid identity in the CP.
|
Type Species |
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus |
(VESV) |
The species in this genus form a distinct phylogenetic clade within the family. The genome is organized into three major ORFs. ORF1 encodes the nonstructural polyprotein. ORF2 encodes the major structural CP that is translated as a larger precursor protein before cleavage into the mature CP, a feature that appears unique to this genus. The ORF1 and ORF2 of the viruses in this genus are separated by either two nts (GC for FCV strains) or 5 nts (CCACT/C for SMSV and VESV strains). A third ORF (ORF3) encodes a small, basic protein of unknown function and overlaps by one nt with ORF2 in a-1 frameshift. The ORF3 product has been detected in FCV-infected cells. Most members of this genus can be readily propagated in cell culture, which contrasts with viruses in the other three genera, none of which has been cultured in conventional cell culture systems. FCV grows most efficiently in cells of feline origin; in vivo, the primary site of replication is the upper respiratory tract. VESV isolates grow in a number of cell lines and infect a broad range of hosts, with vesicles of the skin a prevalent disease symptom. The RNA genomes of VESV and FCV are infectious, as is synthetic RNA derived from a full-length cDNA clone of the FCV genome.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
Members of a Vesivirus species share:
|
A major phylogenetic branch within the genus, |
|
A common genome layout, |
|
Greater than 60% amino acid identity in the CP. |
Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), strains or serotypes are not italicized. Virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ], and assigned abbreviations ( ) are:
|
Feline calicivirus |
(FCV) | |
|
Feline calicivirus CFI/68 |
[U13992] |
(Fe/VV/FCV/CFI/1968/US) |
|
Feline calicivirus F9 |
[M86379] |
(Fe/VV/FCV/F9/1958/US) |
|
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus |
(VESV) | |
|
Bovine calicivirus |
[U18741] |
(Bo/VV/VESV/Bos-1/1981/US) |
|
Cetacean calicivirus |
[U52091] |
(Ce/VV/VESV/Tur-1/1977/US) |
|
Primate calicivirus |
[U52086] |
(Pr/VV/VESV/Pan-1/1979/US) |
|
Reptile calicivirus |
[U52092] |
(Re/VV/VESV/Cro-1/1978/US) |
|
San Miguel sea lion virus, serotype 1 |
[M87481] |
(Pi/VV/VESV/SMSV-1/1972/US) |
|
San Miguel sea lion virus, serotype 4 |
[M87482] |
(Pi/VV/VESV/SMSV-4/1973/US) |
|
San Miguel sea lion virus, serotype 17 |
[U52005] |
(Pi/VV/VESV/SMSV-17/1991/US) |
|
Skunk calicivirus |
[U14667] |
(Pi/VV/VESV/SCV/1992/US) |
|
VESV-A48 |
[U76874] |
(Sw/VV/VESV/A48/1948/US) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported.
List of Unassigned Species in the Family
|
Amyelosis chronic stunt virus (insects) |
(ACSV) |
|
Bovine enteric calicivirus |
(BoCV) |
|
Canine calicivirus |
(CaCV) |
|
Fowl calicivirus |
(FCV) |
|
Mink calicivirus |
(MCV) |
|
Porcine enteric calicivirus |
(PECV) |
|
Walrus calicivirus |
(WCV) |
Phylogenetic Relationships within the Family
See Fig. 3.
Caliciviruses have some properties similar to the viruses of the families Picornaviridae, Potyviridae and Comoviridae relative to the presence of a VPg at the 5
-end and a poly(A) tract at the 3-end of the positive sense ssRNA genome. The putative viral replicase of the caliciviruses shares sequence homology with that of the picornaviruses.
Calici: from Latin calix, “cup” or “goblet”, from cup-shaped depressions on the virion surface observed by electron microscopy.
Lago: from Lagomorpha, the mammalian host order for the prototype strain rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.
Vesi: from the prototype strain name, vesicular exanthema of swine virus.
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