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Type Species |
(MuV) |
All species of the genus Rubulavirus have hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities. They share greater sequence relatedness within the genus than with members of other genera. For example, the N protein of HPIV-2 is 39-74% identical with that of MuV, SV-5, HPIV-4 and SV-41, compared to 18% and 24% identical with HPIV-1 and MeV. Some members (SV-5 and MuV) contain an extra transcriptional element (SH) between the F and HN loci (Fig. 2). The unedited and edited versions of the mRNA from the P locus encode the V and P proteins, respectively, except in the case of NDV which follows the respirovirus pattern. The intergenic sequences are of variable length. All members lack a C protein ORF. The rubulavirus P protein is substantially smaller than that of the respiroviruses or morbilliviruses.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
HPIV-2 and HPIV-4 represent distinct serotypes that lack significant cross-neutralization and cross-protection. HPIV-2, SV-5, and SV-41 exhibit considerable sequence relatedness and some antigenic relatedness, but these viruses can be distinguished on either basis (for example, the N protein of HPIV-2 is 57% or 74% identical to those of SV-5 or SV-41, respectively) as well as by host range: HPIV-2, HPIV-4a and HPIV-4b infect humans, SV-5 dogs, monkeys and humans, and SV-41 monkeys. They also have differences in gene map: SV-5 has an additional gene, SH, and SV-41 lacks a functional transcription termination signal for the M gene and thus does not express a monocistronic M mRNA. HPIV-4a and b are distinguished by differences in reactivity with monoclonal antibodies, but they are highly related by sequence 95% or 97% identical for the N or M protein, respectively and should not be considered distinct species. MuV also does not exhibit significant cross-neutralization and cross-protection with other paramyxoviruses, and it is distinguished by its gene map (it contains an SH gene, found within this group only in SV-5), by sequence divergence (the MuV N protein shares 44% or less amino acid sequence identity with other rubulaviruses), and by its disease. NDV (or Avian parainfluenza virus type 1) differs from other rubulaviruses in having its edited mRNA encode V rather than P. It also is somewhat more distantly related by amino acid sequence. The different avian paramyxoviruses are serotypes defined by hemagglutination-inhibition tests, although weak interactions occur between the types. Also, each serotype has a distinct pattern of electrophoretically-separated polypeptides.
Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), strains or serotypes are not italicized. Virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ], and assigned abbreviations ( ) are:
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Avian paramyxovirus 2 (Yucaipa) |
[D14040] |
(APMV-2) |
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Avian paramyxovirus 3 |
(APMV-3) | |
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Avian paramyxovirus 4 |
[D14031] |
(APMV-4) |
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Avian paramyxovirus 5 (Kunitachi) |
(APMV-5) | |
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Avian paramyxovirus 6 |
(APMV-6) | |
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Avian paramyxovirus 7 |
(APMV-7) | |
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Avian paramyxovirus 8 |
(APMV-8) | |
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Avian paramyxovirus 9 |
(APMV-9) | |
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Human parainfluenza virus 2 |
[M37751, X57559] |
(HPIV-2) |
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Human parainfluenza virus 4 |
(HPIV-4) | |
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Human parainfluenza virus 4 a |
[M32982, M55975, D10241, M34033, D49821] |
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Human parainfluenza virus 4 b |
[AB006958, M32983, M55976, D10242, D49822, E03807] |
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Mapuera virus |
[X85128] |
(MPRV) |
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Mumps virus |
[AB000387, D00663, D10575, M24731, X57997] |
(MuV) |
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Newcastle disease virus |
[M16622, Z26249, |
(NDV) |
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(Avian parainfluenza virus 1) |
X04274, X04355, X04719, X05399] |
(APMV-1) |
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Porcine rubulavirus (La-Piedad-Michoacan-Mexico virus) |
[S77541] |
(PoRV) |
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Simian virus 5 |
[AF052755, J03142, M81442, M81721, M32248, K02253, M11785] |
(SV-5) |
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Simian virus 41 |
[X64275] |
(SV-41) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported.
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