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Type Species |
(IPNV) |
Species of the genus only infect fish, mollusks and crustaceans.
Aquabirnaviruses have been isolated from a variety of aquatic animals in fresh water, brackish, and sea water environments. The ubiquitous nature of these agents and, in some cases, the lack of any association with disease has led to difficulty in nomenclature. The first reports of isolations of IPNV were limited to epizootics in cultured brook trout (Salvalinus fontinalis). Soon IPNV was found to be responsible for disease in a variety of salmonid fish including members of the genera Salmo, Salvalinus, and Oncorhynchus. The virus has also been associated with disease in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) where it causes a nephritis, menhaden (Brevoortia tryrranus) where it causes a “spinning disease”, and yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) where it causes an ascites and cranial hemorrhage. In salmonid fish, it causes an acute gastroenteritis and destruction of the pancreas in the very young. A birnavirus has been associated with hematopoietic necrosis causing high mortalities in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with renal necrosis and birnaviruses have been isolated from clams exhibiting darkened gills and gill necrosis.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
The aquatic birnaviruses have been divided into two serogroups. These groups display no cross reactivity by neutralization tests, but show some cross reaction by immunofluorescence. Serogroup A contains most of the aquabirnavirus isolates numbering more than 200. They have been divided into nine serotypes (A1-A9) based on reciprocal cross neutralization tests. All of the archetype strains were originally isolated from North America or Europe in association with IPN disease in salmonid fishes. The exceptions are the Hecht strain (serotype A4) from pike (Esox lucius) and serotype A5, isolated from the marine bivalve mollusk, Tellina tenuis. Sequence analysis of an extensive number of IPNV isolates have identified a central variable domain (positions aa183-aa335) which encompasses two hydrophilic hypervariable segments. Serogroup B consists of a single serotype with fewer than 10 isolates from European episodes in fish and marine invertebrates.
Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), strains or serotypes are not italicized. Virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ], and assigned abbreviations ( ) are:
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus |
(IPNV) | |
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Jasper |
[A:M18049, B:M58756] |
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Sp serotype |
[A:U56907, B:M58757] |
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DRT |
[A:D26526, B:D26527] |
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N1 |
[A:D00701] |
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Yellowtail ascites virus |
[A:AB006783] |
(YTAV) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
None reported
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