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Type Species |
(FAdV-A) |
Aviadenoviruses are serologically distinct from mastadenoviruses. Their genomic organization is also different: the genes of protein V and IX are missing, as well as homologues of mastadenovirus early regions E1, E3 and E4.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
The serologically distinguishable avian adenovirus types can be classified into 6 species named by the host and additional letters if more than one species exist in the same host.
Species designation depends on at least two of the following characteristics:
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Calculated phylogenetic distance (based primarily on the distance matrix analysis of the protease, pVIII, hexon, and DNA polymerase amino acid sequence comparisons), |
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Restriction enzyme fragmentation, |
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Host range, |
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Pathogenicity, |
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Cross-neutralization, and |
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Possibility of recombination. |
For example the fowl adenovirus serotypes can be grouped into five species on the basis of restriction enzyme fragmentation profile and the lack or existence of (partial) cross-neutralization.
Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), strains or serotypes are not italicized. Provisional virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ], and assigned abbreviations ( ) are:
A special problem that has been addressed but not resolved is the lack of consensus in the numbering of the individual serotypes.or example, the strains deposited in the ATCC are numbered inconsistently with the majority of newer publications. For this reason, the representative strains of each serotype are also listed (in parentheses).
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Fowl adenovirus A |
(FAdV-A) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 1 (CELO, 112, Phelps) |
[CELO:U46933] |
(FAdV-1) |
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Fowl adenovirus B |
(FAdV-B) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 5 (340, TR22) |
(FAdV-5) | |
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Fowl adenovirus C |
(FAdV-C) | |
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Fowl adenovirus 4 (KR-5, J-2), |
(FAdV-4) | |
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Fowl adenovirus 10 (C-2B, M11, CFA20) |
[CFA20:AF007577] |
(FAdV-10) |
|
Fowl adenovirus D |
(FAdV-D) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 2 (GAL-1, 685, SR48) |
(FAdV-2) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 3 (SR49, 75) |
(FAdV-3) | |
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Fowl adenovirus 9 (A2, 90) |
[A2-A(“FAdV-8”):AF021254] |
(FAdV-9) |
|
Fowl adenovirus 11 (380) |
(FAdV-11) | |
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Fowl adenovirus E |
(FAdV-E) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 6 (CR119, 168) |
(FAdV-6) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 7 (YR36, X-11) |
(FAdV-7) | |
|
Fowl adenovirus 8a (TR59, T-8, CFA40?) |
[CFA40:U40587] |
(FAdV-8a) |
|
Fowl adenovirus 8b (764, B3) |
(FAdV-8b) | |
|
Goose adenovirus |
(GoAdV) | |
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Goose adenovirus 1 to 3 |
(GoAdV-1 to 3) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
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Duck adenovirus |
(DAdV) |
|
Duck adenovirus 2 |
(DAdV-2) |
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Pigeon adenovirus |
(PiAdV) |
|
Turkey adenovirus |
(TAdV) |
|
Turkey adenovirus 1, 2 |
(TAdV-1, 2) |
List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family
|
Ovine adenovirus isolate 287 |
[U40837] |
(OAdV-287) |
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Bovine adenovirus 4 to 8 |
[4:AF036092, 7:X53989] |
(BAdV-4 to 8) |
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Egg drop syndrome virus (EDS virus) |
[Y09598] |
(DAdV-1) |
|
Pheasant adenovirus (Marble spleen disease virus) |
(PhAdV-1) | |
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Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) |
[AF074946] |
(TAdV-3) |
|
Frog adenovirus |
(FrAdV-1) | |
|
Snake adenovirus |
(SnAdV-1) |
The above listed unassigned viruses are serologically distinct from the members of the genera Mastadenovirus and Aviadenovirus. The complete genome sequence of Ovine adenovirus isolate 287 (OAdV-287), and Egg drop syndrome virus (DAdV-1) (syn. EDS virus) revealed unique genome organization shared by Bovine adenovirus 4 to 8 (BAdV-4 to 8) as well, which is significantly different from that of the mastadenoviruses or aviadenoviruses. Establishment of a new genus for these viruses is being considered (Fig. 3).
Phylogenetic Relationships within the Family
Phylogenetic calculations, based either on distance matrix or parsimony analysis, on protein or DNA alignment, on any suitable gene, all prove clearly and consequently that at least three separate lineages exist among the adenoviruses: the mastadenoviruses, the aviadenoviruses, and the proposed atadenoviruses (Fig. 3). In general, the evolutionary distance between the viruses are proportional to that of the hosts. There are some exceptions however, when the same host harbors very distantly related viruses. E.g., adenovirus types isolated from cattle were clustered on distant branches (BAdV-10 versus BAdV-1 or BAdV-3), or even in separate clusters (BAdV-4, 6, and 7). Apparently, beside a co-evolution of animals and their adenoviruses, multiple host switches might have occurred during adenoviral evolution.
The fibers of HAdV-2 and HAdV-5 use the same cellular receptor (CAR) for attachment as coxsackie B viruses. Adenovirus may occur together with dependent parvovirus, for which it may provide helper functions.
Adeno: from Greek aden, adenos, “gland”; in recognition of the fact that adenoviruses were first isolated from human adenoid tissue.
Avi: from Latin avis “bird”.
Mast: from Greek mastos “breast”.
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