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Type Species |
(HAdV-C) |
Mastadenoviruses are distinct from aviadenoviruses in genome organization and serologically, and they infect mammals only.
List of Species Demarcation Criteria in the Genus
The serologically distinguishable serotypes (synonym of types, designated by Arabic numbers) are being grouped into species. Species name reflects the host complemented by a letter if there are more than one adenovirus species bearing the same host name. The data available at present suggest the separation of 20 species within the genus. Several serotypes listed as “Tentative Species in the Genus” need further study before being placed into the existing or additional species.
Species designation depends on at least two of the following characteristics:
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Properly calculated phylogenetic distance (based primarily on the distance matrix analysis of the protease, pVIII, hexon, and DNA polymerase amino acid sequence comparisons; Fig. 3), |
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DNA hybridization, | |
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Restriction enzyme fragmentation, | |
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Percentage of GC in the genome, | |
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Oncogenicity in rodents, | |
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Growth characteristics, | |
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Host range, | |
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Cross-neutralization, | |
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Possibility of recombination, | |
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Number of VA RNA genes, | |
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Haemagglutination, and | |
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Genetic organization of the E3 region. |
The lack of cross-neutralization combined with a calculated phylogenetic distance of more than 10% separate two serotypes into different species. If the phylogenetic distance is less than 5% any additional common grouping criteria from the above may classify separate serotypes into the same species even if they had been isolated from different hosts. For example, the distance matrix analysis of protease amino acid sequences, restriction enzyme fragmentation, GC content of the genome, DNA hybridization, limited growing capacity on bovine cells, possibility to infect sheep, all proved BAdV-2 to be very similar to OAdV-2, 3, 4, and 5, logically making up a single species. Similarly, BAdV-9 proved to be almost indistinguishable from HAdV-2 and 5 based on partial sequencing, DNA hybridization, and restriction enzyme fragment profile. At the same time, BAdV-1, 3, and 10 show considerable evolutionary distance from BAdV-2, 9, and from each other (more than 10%), share only limited sequence homology detectable by DNA hybridization, possess very differently organized E3 region, consequently they should be seen as separate species. The most numerous serotypes from the same host, the human adenoviruses can be safely separated into species along the old subgenus lines, supported by distance matrix analysis. HAdV-1, 2, 5, 6 may recombine with each other; HAdV-40 and 41 show similar restricted growing characteristics; the members of former subgenus A (HAdV-12, 18, 31) share high oncogenicity in rodents and low GC percentage in their genome. HAdV-4 seems to be very close to the former subgenus B viruses in distance matrix analysis, but e.g., the different GC content of the genome still gives enough reason to classify it into a separate species.
Phylogenetic calculations based on VA RNA genes (the only readily available DNA sequences from simian adenoviruses), the number of VA RNA genes, hemagglutination pattern, and cross-neutralisation data do group several monkey and chimpanzee adenoviruses into certain human adenovirus species.
Official virus species names are in italics. Tentative virus species names, alternative names ( ), strains or serotypes are not italicized. Provisional virus names, genome sequence accession numbers [ ], and assigned abbreviations ( ) are:
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Bovine adenovirus A |
(BAdV-A) | |
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Bovine adenovirus 1 |
[AF038868] |
(BAdV-1) |
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Bovine adenovirus B |
(BAdV-B) | |
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Bovine adenovirus 3 |
[AF030154] |
(BAdV-3) |
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Bovine adenovirus C |
(BAdV-C) | |
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Bovine adenovirus 10 |
[AF027599] |
(BAdV-10) |
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Canine adenovirus |
(CAdV) | |
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Canine adenovirus 1 |
[U55001] |
(CAdV-1) |
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Canine adenovirus 2 |
[U77082] |
(CAdV-2) |
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Equine adenovirus A |
(EAdV-A) | |
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Equine adenovirus 1 |
[L79955] |
(EAdV-1) |
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Equine adenovirus B |
(EAdV-B) | |
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Equine adenovirus 2 |
[L80007] |
(EAdV-2) |
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Human adenovirus A |
(HAdV-A) | |
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Human adenovirus 12, 18, 31 |
[12:X73487] |
(HAdV-12, 18, 31) |
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Simian adenovirus 2-4, 6 |
[2:U03008] |
(SAdV-2-4, 6) |
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Simian adenovirus 9-11, 14 |
[11:U03014] |
(SAdV-9-11, 14) |
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Chimpanzee adenovirus strain Y34 |
(ChAdV-Y34) | |
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Human adenovirus B |
(HAdV-B) | |
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Human adenovirus 3, 7, 11, 14 |
[3:M15952, 7:X03000, 11:L08232] |
(HAdV-3, 7, 11, 14) |
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Human adenovirus 16, 21, 34, 35, 50 |
[35:U32664] |
(HAdV-16, 21, 34, 35, 50) |
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Simian adenovirus 21 |
(SAdV-21) | |
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Human adenovirus C |
(HAdV-C) | |
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Bovine adenovirus 9 |
BAdV-9, | |
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Human adenovirus 1, 2, 5, 6 |
[2:J01917, 5:M73260] |
(HAdV-1, 2, 5, 6) |
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Simian adenovirus 13 |
[U03015] |
(SAdV-13) |
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Chimpanzee adenovirus C2 |
(ChAdV-C2) | |
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Human adenovirus D |
(HAdV-D) | |
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Human adenovirus 8-10, 13, 15, 17, 19 |
[8:X74663] |
(HAdV-8-10, 13, 15, 17, 19) |
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Human adenovirus 20, 22-30, 32, 33, |
[28:Y14242] |
(HAdV-20, 22-30, 32, 33) |
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Human adenovirus 36-39, 42-49, 51 |
[48:U20821] |
(HAdV-36-39, 42-49, 51) |
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Human adenovirus E |
(HAdV-E) | |
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Human adenovirus 4 |
[X74508] |
(HAdV-4) |
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Simian adenovirus 22-25 |
[23:U10684] |
(SAdV-22-25) |
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Human adenovirus F |
(HAdV-F) | |
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Human adenovirus 40, 41 |
[40:L19443, 41:21163] |
(HAdV-40, 41) |
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Simian adenovirus 16, 19 |
[16:S70513] |
(SAdV-16, 19) |
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Murine adenovirus A |
(MAdV-A) | |
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Murine adenovirus 1 |
[U95843] |
(MAdV-1) |
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Ovine adenovirus A |
(OAdV-A) | |
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Bovine adenovirus 2 |
[S75673] |
(BAdV-2) |
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Ovine adenovirus 2-5 |
(OAdV-2 to 5) | |
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Ovine adenovirus B |
(OAdV-B) | |
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Ovine adenovirus 1 |
(OAdV-1) | |
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Porcine adenovirus A |
(PAdV-B) | |
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Porcine adenovirus 1-3 |
[2:L43365, 3:AF083132] |
(PAdV-1 to 3) |
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Porcine adenovirus B |
(PAdV-B) | |
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Porcine adenovirus 4 |
[U13893] |
(PAdV-4) |
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Porcine adenovirus C |
(PAdV-C) | |
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Porcine adenovirus 5 |
[L43079] |
(PAdV-5) |
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Tree shrew adenovirus |
(TSAdV) | |
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Tree shrew adenovirus 1 |
[M10054] |
(TSAdV-1) |
Tentative Species in the Genus
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Caprine adenovirus |
(GAdV) | |
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Goat adenovirus 1, 2 |
(GAdV-1, 2) | |
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Guinea pig adenovirus |
(GPAdV) | |
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Guinea pig adenovirus 1 |
[X95630] |
(GPAdV-1) |
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Murine adenovirus B |
(MAdV-B) | |
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Murine adenovirus 2 |
(MAdV-2) | |
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Ovine adenovirus C |
(OAdV-C) | |
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Ovine adenovirus 6 |
(OAdV-6) | |
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Simian adenovirus |
(SAdV) | |
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Simian adenovirus 1, 5, 7, 8, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26?, 27? |
[8:M316631] |
(SAdV-1, 5, 7, 8, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26?, 27?) |
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